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Electronic journals, also known as ejournals, e-journals, and electronic serials, are scholarly journals or intellectual magazines that can be accessed via electronic transmission. In practice, this means that they are usually published on the Web. They are a specialized form of electronic document: they have the purpose of providing material for academic research and study, and they are formatted approximately like journal articles in traditional printed journals. Many electronic journals are listed in directories such as the Directory of Open Access Journals, and the articles indexed in bibliographic databases and search engines for the academic discipline concerned. Some electronic journals are online-only journals; some are online versions of printed journals, sometimes with extra video and interactive media material. Most commercial journals are subscription-based, and/or allow pay-per-view access. Many universities subscribe in bulk to packages of electronic journals, so as to provide access to them to their students and faculty. It is generally also possible for individuals to purchase an annual subscription to a journal from the original publisher. An increasing number of e-journals are available as open access journals, requiring no subscription and offering free full-text articles and reviews to all. Individual articles from electronic journals may be found online for free in an ad-hoc manner: in working paper archives; on personal homepages; and in the collections held in institutional repositories and subject repositories. Some commercial journals find ways to offer free materials. They may offer their initial issue or issues free, and then charge thereafter. Some give away their book reviews section for free. Others offer the first few pages of each article for free. Most electronic journals are published in HTML and/or PDF formats, but some are available in only one of the two formats. A small minority publish in DOC, and a few are starting to add MP3 audio. Some early electronic journals were first published in ASCII text, and some informally published ones continue in that format. ==See also== * Academic publishing * Eprint * Electronic article * Electronic publishing 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「electronic journal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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